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Appendicitis. Do you know the character Madeline? In one of the stories, she awakens one night at boarding school with a bad pain in her belly. The doctor says it's her appendix causing the pain, so she's rushed to the hospital for an operation. Soon, she recovers and feels much better. But what is an appendix and why would it need to be removed? What Is Appendicitis? Your appendix (say: uh- PEN- dix) is a small, finger- shaped pouch connected to your large intestine, in the lower right part of your belly (or abdomen). The appendix really has no purpose. Best liver cleanse products & herbal supplements that help detox, heal & reduce many signs & symptoms of alcoholic and non alcoholic fatty liver disease. So if a kid needs to have it removed, his or her body will work just fine after the operation. Some researchers think that many, many years ago, the appendix was once a useful part of the digestive system, but we don't need it anymore. When your appendix gets inflamed, or swells up, it's called appendicitis (say: uh- pen- di- SYE- tis). Both kids and adults can get appendicitis. There isn't always an obvious reason why appendicitis happens. Sometimes it happens after there is an infection in the intestine. Sometimes something causes a blockage in the appendix, then it gets inflamed. Appendicitis is not contagious. This means you can't catch it from anyone who has it. But there isn't much you can do to prevent appendicitis from happening. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. A cleansing agent, manufactured in bars, granules, flakes, or liquid form, made from a mixture of the sodium salts of various fatty acids of natural. Uncover the 9 most popular colon cleanse recipes and ingredients. If you want to supercharge your health naturally, you might want to read this article. How Do People Know if They Have It? People have different types of symptoms when they have appendicitis. Someone with appendicitis might feel as if he or she is having stomach cramps or really bad indigestion. Usually, the first symptom is a bellyache around the belly button. The bellyache can be worse with moving, jumping, coughing, or deep breaths. Sometimes, vomiting follows. After a few hours, the pains tend to move down to the lower right side of the belly. Sometimes the pain can become sharp and intense in this area — enough to keep a kid up at night. A person with appendicitis will not feel very hungry and might have a slight fever. Some people do not want to move around because they feel better if they lie down and curl up. Polyp (medicine) - Wikipedia. This article is about the medical condition. For the biological structure, see Polyp. A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated. If no stalk is present, it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where mucous membranes exist like the cervix. Some polyps are tumors (neoplasms) and others are nonneoplastic (for example, hyperplastic or dysplastic). The neoplastic ones are generally benign, although some can be premalignant and/or concurrent with a malignancy. Digestive polyps. Occasionally rectal bleeding, and on rare occasions pain, diarrhea or constipation may occur because of colon polyps. Colon polyps are a concern because of the potential for colon cancer being present microscopically and the risk of benign colon polyps transforming over time into malignant ones. Since most polyps are asymptomatic, they are usually discovered at the time of colon cancer screening. Common screening methods are occult blood test, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy (usually flexible sigmoidoscopy, using a flexible endoscope, but more rarely the older rigid sigmoidoscopy, using a rigid endoscope), lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema), digital rectal examination (DRE), and virtual colonoscopy. Deyhle, Germany, 1. If an adenomatous polyp is found with sigmoidoscopy or if a polyp is found with any other diagnostic modality, the patient must undergo colonoscopy for removal of the polyp(s). Even though colon cancer is usually not found in polyps smaller than 2. When adenomatous polyps are removed, a repeat colonoscopy is usually performed in three to five years. Most colon polyps can be categorized as sporadic. Inherited polyposis syndromes. The adenomatous polyp is considered pre- malignant, i. They are unlikely to develop into colorectal cancer. About 5% of people aged 6. Most polyps (approximately 9. The remaining 1. 0% of adenomas are larger than 1 cm and approach a 1. They tend to be non- pedunculated, velvety, or cauliflower- like in appearance and they are associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates of all polyps. They can cause hypersecretory syndromes characterized by hypokalemia and profuse mucous discharge and can harbor carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma more frequently than other adenomas. The risks of progression to colorectal cancer increases if the polyp is larger than 1 cm and contains a higher percentage of villous component. Also, the shape of the polyps is related to the risk of progression into carcinoma. Polyps that are pedunculated (with a stalk) are usually less dangerous than sessile polyps (flat polyps). Sessile polyps have a shorter pathway for migration of invasive cells from the tumor into submucosal and more distant structures, and they are also more difficult to remove and to ascertain. Sessile polyps larger than 2 cm usually contain villous features, have a higher malignant potential, and tend to recur following colonoscopic polypectomy. Larger tubular adenomatous polyps have an increased risk of malignancy when larger because then they develop more villous components and may become sessile. It is estimated that an individual whose parents have been diagnosed with an adenomatous polyp has a 5. Overall, nearly 6% of the population, regardless of the family history, is at risk of developing colon cancer. Screening. Medical societies have established guidelines for colorectal screening in order to prevent adenomatous polyps and to minimize the chances of developing colon cancer. It is believed that some changes in the diet might be helpful in preventing polyps from occurring but there is no other way to prevent the polyps from developing into cancerous growths than by detecting and removing them. According to the guidelines established by the American Cancer Society, individuals who reach the age of 5. Colon polyps as they grow can sometimes cause bleeding within the intestine, which can be detected with the help of this test. Also, persons in their 5. If adenomatous polyps are detected during this procedure, it is most likely that the patient will have to undergo a colonoscopy. Medical societies recommend colonoscopies every ten years starting at age 5. Once an adenomatous polyp is identified during colonoscopy, there are several methods of removal including using a snare or a heating device. While there are risks of complications associated with colonoscopies, those risks are extremely low at approximately 0. For comparison, the lifetime risk of developing colon cancer is around 6 percent. Commonly occurring, they are experienced by up to 1. They are overgrowths of the mucosa that frequently accompany allergicrhinitis. They are freely movable and nontender. Laryngeal polyps. They can occur on one or both vocal folds, and appear as swelling, a bump (similar to a nodule), a stalk- like growth, or a blister- like lesion. Most polyps are larger than nodules, which are more similar to callouses on the vocal folds. Polyps and nodules can exhibit similar symptoms including hoarseness or breathiness, “rough” or “scratchy” voice, harshness in vocal quality, shooting pain from ear to ear, sensation of having “a lump in the back of the throat”, neck pain, decreased pitch range in the voice, and vocal and bodily fatigue. If an individual experiences symptoms for more than 2 to 3 weeks, they should see a physician. For a diagnosis, a thorough evaluation of the voice should include a physical examination, preferably by an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor) who specializes in voice, a voice evaluation with a speech- language pathologist (SLP), a neurological examination (in certain cases) The qualities of the voice that will be evaluated include quality, pitch, loudness, and ability to sustain voicing. In some cases, an instrumental examination may be performed with an endoscope into the mouth or nose; this gives a clear look at the vocal folds and larynx in general. In addition to this, a stroboscope (flashing light) may be used to observe the movement of the vocal folds during speech. Polyps may be treated with medical, surgical, or behavioral intervention. Surgical intervention involves removing the polyp from the vocal fold. This approach is only used when the growth(s) are very large, or have existed for an extended amount of time. In children, surgical intervention is rare. Existing medical problems may be treated in an effort to reduce the strain and negative impact on the vocal cords. This could include treatment for gastrointestinal reflux disease, allergies, and thyroid problems. Intervention to stop smoking and reduce stress may also be needed. Most people receive behavioral intervention, or vocal therapy, from an SLP. This might involve teaching good vocal hygiene, and reducing or stopping vocal abuse behaviors. Direct voice treatments may be used to alter pitch, loudness, or breathe support to promote good voicing.^Weschler, Toni (2. Taking Charge of Your Fertility (Revised ed.). New York: Harper. Collins. Endoscopy (Suppl): 3. Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound. Cambridge University Press. Mills; Darryl Carter (2. Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 9.
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